Life Transformation In Into The Wild - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 938 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/05 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Into The Wild Essay Did you like this example? In the novel Into The Wild, by Jon Krakauer, advances to catalog the life of an intelligent graduate student and former athlete, Chris McCandless. As well as how he suddenly decided to drop everything such as his possessions, all of his money, and a possible career. After realizing he didn’t need or want to continue to pursue a wealthy lifestyle, he sets out on a massive independant hitchhiking journey from the east coast, all the way towards the outdoor freezing portions of Alaska. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Life Transformation In Into The Wild" essay for you Create order Only after a short four months, 113 days, McCandless was found dead in an abandoned bus in the Alaskan summit by a few hikers, in which his cause of death became ruled as starvation. McCandless determines that he wants to course his life into the wild for reasons such as seeking different forms of adventure, a life without responsibilities, happiness, and to simply get away from his personal life in order to find peace of his own. Although he didn’t have enough supplies, and wasn’t fully prepared to enter a life in an unaccompanied solitary fate in the wild which resulted in him being a victim of his own demise. First of all, Krakauer discusses how McCandless had an adventurous ego who wanted to exceed beyond his limits. Throughout his journey, he explains to individuals he meets along the way about his devotion towards adventuring to his own standards. For Instance, â€Å"The very basic core of a mans living spirit is his passion for adventure†¦ The joy of life comes from our encounters with new experiences, and hence there is no greater joy than to have an endlessly changing horizon, for each day to have a new and different sun† (Krakauer 41). This indicates that McCandless wanted to look for something he could relate to. Watching a change of scenery and exploring new territory, proposes a different outcome of situations. He was most likely searching for answers in the unknown portions of the country, to find happiness. Not only to be in peace with nature, but with himself as well. Accomplishing what he felt like he wanted to do with no one telling him otherwise was a key thoug ht in his state of mind. He wanted self discovery and identify his place in the world where he could fit in doing what he wanted to do. Furthermore, McCandless wanted to set out on a quest and find purpose in life without responsibilities. He had spent his early life in college, playing sports and achieving good grades. That is when he realized that what life would be like if one didn’t have to do the same thing over and over, and have someone tell him what to do. For example, No phone. No pool. No pets. No cigarettes. Ultimate freedom No longer to be poisoned by civilization, he flees, and walks alone upon the land to become Lost in the Wild† (Krakauer 163). This demonstrates that he was in belief that life would become easier for him if he left everything behind and started a new life on his own with no one telling him otherwise, or how to live his life. To have no control over necessities or worries on a quality level was the easiest direction he thought he could head in. Also, his dissatisfaction with the current world of society, especially since he came from the upper class. He gave introverted beh avior by wanting to leave civilization and barrier himself from the rest of the world. Moreover, one of the most important reasons why he left to explore further West was the need to get away from his home. His previous life consisted of a wealthy first class family, in which he was not in a very fond relationship with. McCandless seemed to avoid mentioning them hence why he maybe went by an alias of Alexander Supertramp. He decided to continue his journey so he couldn’t feel like he was being controlled anymore. For instance, â€Å"Children tend to be harsh judges when it comes to their parentsand this was especially true in Chris’s case. More even than most teens, he tended to see things in black and white. He measured himself and those around him by an impossibly rigorous moral code† (Krakauer 122). Growing up in a first class family, he must of felt snared within his parents grasp, making it feel like he has to do things under their standards and satisfaction instead of achieving his own goals. Since, he was in a community where there was alway s people around him, he wanted to become self sufficient and survive on his own since he had no experience with that. Living in a society where one isn’t supervised or judged is what McCandless was going for. To conclude, I believe that Chris McCandless went into the wild to seek peace, but only sustained it for a short period of time. Despite that he lasted two years away from home but only 113 days in the bitter wilderness, he was short on supplies and wasn’t prepared enough to fully intake the difficulties and requirements in order to truly survive into the wild. He may have found what he was looking for, had found motivation that encouraged him to move forward. But, the rest of his story and true aspects will remain unknown since his journey had a tragic unfortunate end. Overall, his true ideal hopes and expectations heading into the wild were his strong interest for adventure, a life without control or authority, and to leave his personal life behind to find a new place of tranquility of his own.

The Ethics Of Belief By Clifford. Pascal - 1776 Words

Why it is wrong to Believe Anything upon Insufficient Evidence Name Institution Introduction The fact that one can believe in something or a statement is based on, among other factors, the available evidence. A range of philosophers have written widely on this topic. Clifford in his Influential essay â€Å"The Ethics of Belief† defends the contention that it is always wrong for any human being to believe anything if there is insufficient evidence. He uses two stories to illustrate wrong ways through which people arrive at beliefs. William James, however, disapproves Clifford. Pascal has a different view on belief formation where he argues that reasons for believing and failing to believe in God are indecisive. The three philosophers have varied views on how beliefs are formed. This essay discusses the reasons why Clifford made the above conclusion, the position taken by James in his opposition and how the argument relates to Pascal’s Wager. In Clifford’s first section of his essay, he narrates two stories as an illustration of how beliefs are arrived at. His first story is that of the ship owner who sends an immigration ship out to sea. The ship owner had a dream where he saw the ship sink and as a result, doubts whether the ship is fit to sail safely in the sea. Instead of having the doubts cleared through asking an expert to do thorough investigation; an expensive and time-consuming exercise, he goes ahead to recommend that the ship goes out toShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Blaise Pascal s The Wager 1286 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve in God. In response to this, William Clifford publishes â€Å"The Ethics of Belief† countering Pascal’s view. Neither Pascal or Clifford’s views are perfect, but they are both worth examining. Clifford s universal rejection of pragmatic justification is ultimately too harsh on Pascal’s Wager. Pascal utilizes reason to come to the conclusion whether or not it is beneficial to believe in God’s existence. It is important to note that in Pascal’s Wager, Pascal is not using reason to determine if God existsRead MoreThe Ethic Of Believe1583 Words   |  7 PagesProf: J. Kessler PHL 101 The ethic of believe. People have been always interested to know the circumstances under which it is necessary to believe. Believing on facts or not depend by the person. In this paper I look to demonstrate if Is it wrong to hold a belief on insufficient evidence or is it morally right to believe based on the sufficient evidence. In this paper I aim to discuss the other philosopher in contrast with Clifford. My issue is to show what mean to believe and howRead MoreQuestions On Pascal s Wager1833 Words   |  8 PagesPascal’s Wager is often considered one of philosophies weakest religious arguments to date. Pascal invents a wager to persuade the one who questions God into attending church, following the Ten Commandments, and following any other traditions in the Catholic Church. The wager is, if a person is a believer and after departing from this earth they find that they are correct, then their rewards are infinite. They will receive eternal life and a relationship with God in heaven. On the othe r hand if aRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesStudies Approach with Spreadsheets, Fourth Edition Stevenson and Ozgur, Introduction to Management Science with Spreadsheets, First Edition Project Management The Managerial Process Fifth Edition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill

Assessment of Pain Community of Aboriginal

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Pain for Community of Aboriginal. Answer: 1. Mr. Smith is from the community of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. As pain assessment is difficult in these people. Pain assessment in Mr. Smith is influenced by his culture. Because people of community from which Mr. Smith belongs, feel embraced to express their pain and are hesitant to give trouble to healthcare professional about their painful condition. Nurse should develop trust relationship with Mr. Smith as he is not willing to open up with painful condition. With this trust relationship nurse can assess pain of Mr. Smith very effectively. Nurse should understand family, culture and community of Mr. Smith to assess his pain. Nurse should make Mr. Smith understand importance of pain management medicine (Queensland Health, 2015). 2. Assessment, caring and management of Mr. Smith was completely holistic. Social and cultural aspects of the Mr. Smith were kept in mind while assessing pain of Mr. Smith, however nursing practice was completely non-judgmental. Social and cultural aspects were considered in case of Mr. Smith because community of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from where he belongs, have different view on nursing and medical care. Following are the code of ethics related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Nurses value informed decision-making. Nurses value ethical management of information. Nurses value a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable environment promoting health and wellbeing Following are the code of professional conduct related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Nurses respect the dignity, culture, ethnicity, values and beliefs of Mr. Smith and treatment, and of their colleagues. Nurses maintain and build on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people communitys trust and confidence in the nursing profession. Following are the EN Competency Standards related to the non-judgmental nursing care in Mr. Smith situation. Practices nursing in a way that ensures the rights of the people are upheld. Provides skilled and timely care to people receiving care and others while promoting their independence and involvement in care decisionmaking (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016). 3. Pain assessment questions (Breivik et al., 2008): What makes pain worse? What makes pain improved? What is earlier medicine for pain? Whether these medicines were effective? What is way of expression of pain? Since how long pain is there? What is the frequency of pain? Is there change in intensity of pain at different time points? How much duration pain lasts? Mental and emotional status (Mabbett, 1996): What is todays date? What is month and year? Where is your birth place? What is your name? What is your school name? What meal you took yesterday? What you did last Sunday? What is state capital? Social and cultural issues (Cammock et al., 2014): With whom can disuses care and management? Would like to take someones help in decision making? Whose help required? Do you follow any spiritual practices or prayers? Is there requirement of any spiritual articles? 4. Advance health directive is a document Mr. Smith can fill. This document mentions Mr. Smiths requests and instructions for future health management practices for any health condition. This document comes into picture, when Mr. Smith unable to make any type of decisions about his health (Docker, 1996). Mr. Smith should give Enduring power of attorney to someone to facilitate the disposal of his property, dealing with his financial matters, signing documents on his behalf and purchasing on behalf of him. Mr. Smith should be informed that Enduring power of attorney would not interfere in his personal care (Mitchell et al., 2014). Mr. Smith can donate his organs either when he is alive or after his unfortunate death. These organs can be transplanted in the person and this can save the life of recipients life. Mr. Smith should know that organ donation is not a forceful act and it is completely depends on his will (Berntzen Bjork, 2014). 5. Complementary therapies for pain in palliative care includes music therapy, relaxation, massages, aromatherapy massage and foot reflexology. Music therapy aid distraction of Mr. Smith form the pain and uses vibro-acoustic stimulation. Music therapy includes relaxation of muscles and calming down Mr. Smith. Massage therapy lessen wear and tear of muscle and muscle strain. Massage therapy also reduces anxiety in Mr. Smith. Aromatherapy massage has added advantage of incorporating mind-body element and utilizing aroma odor to produce soothing effect on mind and relaxation. Foot reflexology is a component of massage therapy which is mainly focused on the foot of Mr. Smith. Acupuncture also proved to be beneficial in the pain management Mr. Smith (Crawford et al., 2014). Mr. Smith should be refereed to specialized doctors in gastroenterology, nephrology and psychiatry. As Mr. Smith is going through many problems related to gastrointestinal system. He is unable to empty his bowl so that doctor can give suitable medication or suggest any other suitable method to empty his bowl. Also he is having stomatitis so that doctor can prescribe some medicine or suggest some external application to lessen severity of ulcer. Mr. Smith also should be referred to nutrition expert as he is not willing to eat food. In such scenario, nutrition expert can suggest suitable food for condition and to maintain optimum level of nutrient level and to prevent dehydration. As Mr. Smith is suffering through incontinent of urine at night, he should be referred to doctor specialized in nephrology. As he is facing problem in sleep, he should be referred to psychiatrists (Mehrotra et al., 2011). 7. Family members of Mr. Smith should clearly make aware of the exact condition of the him. With the help of nursing staff, family members of him should be advised to take care of him, so that they can realize and understand exact condition of him. So that they can be mentally prepared to accept whatever may be going to happen with Mr. Smith. As Mr. Smith is willing to meet his children, family members should do all the actions to make him happy and he should feel comfortable. Most importantly, family members should not feel guilty for the condition of Mr. Smith because his lifestyle and behavior are mainly responsible for his current condition (Hebert et al., 2011). 8. In anorexia there is the increase in the angiopoetin-like protein 6 (ANGPTL6). In anorexia there is the deficiency of protein due to continuous starvation and this leads to the multiple organ failure like heart, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive organs, kidney and brain. Due to this Mr.Smith is feeling dehydration. Management for anorexia involves feeding with suitable meal, psychological therapy to change his mind for eating and medication like fluoxetine. In ascites, due to portal hypertension, there is the abnormal sequestration of the fluid in the splanchnic bed. This leads to the reduced circulating blood. As a result sodium and water retention occurs due to sympathetic system activation and rennin release. Consequently, there is the accumulation of fluid around abdominal cavity. This reflects in Mr. Smith as he has abdominal distension. Sodium restriction and diuretic therapy are advised for the patient with ascites. Dyspnoea occurs due to the interaction between different systems like respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neural system, and oxygen carrying system. In case of respiratory system abnormality in the alveoli gas exchange and central control of ventilation leads to dyspnoea. In Mr. Smith, dyspnoea reflects in his breathlessness and continuous requirement of oxygen. Management of dyspnoea includes oxygen therapy, beta agonist, opioids and sometimes anxiolytics. Hiccups occurred due to the abnormality (involuntary contraction) in the hemidiaphragm. Due to contraction of diaphragm and subsequent closure of vocal cord, it produces sound like hic. Frequency of hiccups alters in inverse proportion with arterial carbon dioxide tension. Hiccups are clearly evident in Mr. Smith. Management of hiccups includes chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, muscle relaxants and sedatives (Hammer McPhee 2014). 9. Mr. Smith is having breathlessness and he is having Ventolin nebulisation to prevent bronchospasm. By seeing at the data it is evident that most of the organs of the Mr. Smith are affected or deteriorated. It reflects for the ascitis, pruritus, severe mouth ulcer, bowl not opened since several days, uncontrolled urination, severe pain, agitated and confused state. In case of deterioration of multiple organs, it would be difficult to treat the patient. Because treatment for organ may affect the functioning of other organ. As in the case of ascites, diuretic is a recommended therapy. However, in case of Mr. Smith he is already facing problem of incontinent urination. Also he didnt opened bowl for several days and there is the accumulation waste in the body. Due to ulcer in the mouth and Mr. Smiths disinterest in eating, he is not taking proper food and he is lacking nutrients. All these conditions reflects, Mr. is at the end stage of life (Springhouse, 2006). Palliative care: Palliative care is specific healthcare system specialized for the patients with chronic illness. This system doesnt focuses on the complete cure of the patient, however it aims at relieving patient from symptoms of the illness and medical and physical stress due to the disease condition. Main goal of the palliative care is to improve quality and wellbeing both patient and family members. Team of palliative care includes doctor, nurses, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and social workers (London et al., 2005). 11. Drowsiness - In this stage patient always feel sleepy and lethargic. Becoming unresponsive - Patient become unresponsive to the external world. Disorientation - Patient becomes confused about routine aspects like time and date, recognisation of family members. Loss appetite - Patient lost interest in eating and subsequently loss of appetite. This is due both impaired physiology due to diseases state and depression due to disease. Bowl and bladder dysfunction - Bowl and bladder of patient cannot work according normal physiology. Changes in sensitivity of skin - Skin becoming more sensitive or senseless due to multiple ailments. Dyspnoea - Patient become breathless. (Springhouse, 2006) 12. General support to the well being of the patient. It includes physical, mental, social and cultural care of the patient. Rehabilitation to the acute episodes of the pain to feel comfortable to Mr. Smith. Try to keep complications in control. Try to minimize anxiety, depression and fear due to the illness. Make understand family members real condition of Mr. Smith and advise them to give warmth and comfort to Mr. Smith at the end of life. To make Mr. Smith and family members emotionally and psychologically stable. Try to fulfill every wish of Mr. Smith. Provide nutrients and oxygen to Mr. Smith as much as possible. Continuously monitor vital signs of the Mr. Smith (Springhouse, 2006). References: Breivik, H., Borchgrevink, P. C., Allen, S. M., Rosseland, L. A. (2008). Assessment of pain. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 101(1), 17-24. Berntzen, H., Bjork, I.T. (2014). Experiences of donor families after consenting to organ donation: a qualitative study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 30(5), 266-74. Cammock, R.D., Derrett, S., Sopoaga, F. (2014). An assessment of an outcome of injury questionnaire using a Pacific model of health and wellbeing. New Zealand Medical Journal, 127(1388), 32-40. Crawford, C., Lee, C., Freilich, D., Active Self-Care Therapies for Pain (PACT) Working Group. (2014). Effectiveness of active self-care complementary and integrative medicine therapies: options for the management of chronic pain symptoms. Pain Medicine, 15(1), S86-95. Docker, C. (1996). Advance Directives/Living Wills in: McLean S.A.M., Contemporary Issues in Law, Medicine and Ethics. Dartmouth. Hammer, G., McPhee, S.J. (2014). Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine Flash Cards. McGraw-Hill Education. Mabbett, P. D. (1996). Delmars Instant Nursing Assessment: Mental Health. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. Hebert, K., Moore, H., Rooney, J. (2011). The Nurse Advocate in End-of-Life Care. Ochsner Journal, 11(4), 325329. London, M.R., McSkimming, S., Drew, N., Quinn, C., Carney, B. (2005). Evaluation of a Comprehensive, Adaptable, Life- Affirming, Longitudinal (CALL) Palliative Care Project. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 8(6), 12141225. Mehrotra, A., Forrest, C.B., Lin, C.Y. (2011). Dropping the baton: Specialty referrals in the United States. Milbank Quarterly, 89(1), 3968. Mitchell, L.K., Pachana, N.A., Wilson, J., Vearncombe, K., et al. (2014). Promoting the use of enduring powers of attorney in older adults: a literature review. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(1), 2-7. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2016). Retrieved form https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Codes-Guidelines.aspx on 3rd September 2016. Queensland Health. (2015). Sad News, Sorry Business: Guidelines for caring for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through death and dying. Retrieved from https://www.health.qld.gov.au/atsihealth/documents/sorry_business.pdf on 3rd September 2016. Springhouse. (2006). End-of-life Care: A Nurse's Guide to Compassionate Care. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.